UMBRA/backend/app/services/ntfy.py

"""
ntfy push notification service.

Responsible for:
- SSRF validation of user-supplied server URLs
- Building and sending ntfy JSON payloads via httpx
- Never raising — notification failures must not interrupt application flow
"""
import httpx
import socket
import ipaddress
import logging
from typing import Optional
from app.models.settings import Settings

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

NTFY_TIMEOUT = 8.0  # seconds — hard cap to prevent hung requests

# Loopback, link-local, and all RFC 1918 private ranges are blocked to prevent
# SSRF against Docker-internal services. If a self-hosted ntfy server on the LAN
# is required, remove the RFC 1918 entries from _BLOCKED_NETWORKS and document the accepted risk.
_BLOCKED_NETWORKS = [
    ipaddress.ip_network("127.0.0.0/8"),        # IPv4 loopback
    ipaddress.ip_network("10.0.0.0/8"),          # RFC 1918 private
    ipaddress.ip_network("172.16.0.0/12"),       # RFC 1918 private — covers Docker bridge 172.17-31.x
    ipaddress.ip_network("192.168.0.0/16"),      # RFC 1918 private
    ipaddress.ip_network("169.254.0.0/16"),      # IPv4 link-local
    ipaddress.ip_network("::1/128"),             # IPv6 loopback
    ipaddress.ip_network("fe80::/10"),           # IPv6 link-local
    ipaddress.ip_network("fc00::/7"),            # IPv6 ULA (covers fd00::/8)
]


def validate_ntfy_host(url: str) -> None:
    """
    SSRF guard: resolve the hostname and reject if it points to any private/blocked range.
    Raises ValueError on failure. Must be called before any outbound HTTP request.
    """
    from urllib.parse import urlparse
    hostname = urlparse(url).hostname
    if not hostname:
        raise ValueError("Invalid ntfy URL: no hostname")
    try:
        infos = socket.getaddrinfo(hostname, None)
    except socket.gaierror as exc:
        raise ValueError(f"Cannot resolve ntfy hostname '{hostname}': {exc}") from exc
    for info in infos:
        ip = ipaddress.ip_address(info[4][0])
        for net in _BLOCKED_NETWORKS:
            if ip in net:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"ntfy hostname '{hostname}' resolves to blocked IP range ({ip})"
                )


def _build_headers(auth_token: Optional[str]) -> dict:
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
    if auth_token:
        headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {auth_token}"
    return headers


async def send_ntfy_notification(
    settings: Settings,
    title: str,
    message: str,
    tags: list[str],
    priority: int = 3,
    click_url: Optional[str] = None,
) -> bool:
    """
    Fire-and-forget ntfy notification.
    Returns True on success, False on any failure.
    Never raises — notification failure must not interrupt application flow.
    """
    if not settings.ntfy_enabled:
        return False
    if not settings.ntfy_server_url or not settings.ntfy_topic:
        return False

    # Truncate to prevent oversized payloads (security requirement 6.3)
    safe_title = (title[:77] + "...") if len(title) > 80 else title
    safe_message = (message[:197] + "...") if len(message) > 200 else message

    payload: dict = {
        "topic": settings.ntfy_topic,
        "title": safe_title,
        "message": safe_message,
        "tags": tags,
        "priority": priority,
    }
    if click_url:
        payload["click"] = click_url
        payload["actions"] = [
            {"action": "view", "label": "Open UMBRA", "url": click_url, "clear": True}
        ]

    try:
        # SSRF guard: validate resolved IP before making the request
        validate_ntfy_host(settings.ntfy_server_url)

        async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=NTFY_TIMEOUT, follow_redirects=False) as client:
            resp = await client.post(
                settings.ntfy_server_url,
                json=payload,
                headers=_build_headers(settings.ntfy_auth_token),
            )
            resp.raise_for_status()
            return True
    except ValueError as e:
        # SSRF validation failure
        logger.warning("ntfy SSRF validation rejected URL: %s", e)
        return False
    except httpx.TimeoutException:
        logger.warning("ntfy notification timed out (server=%s)", settings.ntfy_server_url)
        return False
    except httpx.HTTPStatusError as e:
        logger.warning(
            "ntfy HTTP error %s for topic '%s': %s",
            e.response.status_code,
            settings.ntfy_topic,
            e.response.text[:200],
        )
        return False
    except Exception as e:
        logger.warning("ntfy notification failed unexpectedly: %s", type(e).__name__)
        return False